Īccording to Vajrayāna scriptures, the term Vajrayāna refers to one of three vehicles or routes to enlightenment, the other two being the Śrāvakayāna (also known pejoratively as the Hīnayāna) and Mahāyāna (a.k.a Pāramitāyāna).
Contemporary historians of Buddhist studies meanwhile argue that this movement dates to the tantric era of medieval India (c.
Traditional Vajrayāna sources claim that the tantras and the lineage of Vajrayāna was taught by the Buddha Shakyamuni and other figures such as the bodhisattva Vajrapani and Padmasambhava. It includes practices that make use of mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas and the visualization of deities and Buddhas. Others might generally refer to texts as the Buddhist Tantras. Vajrayāna practices are connected to specific lineages in Buddhism, through the teachings of lineage holders.
Vajrayāna (Sanskrit: "thunderbolt vehicle" or "diamond vehicle") along with Mantrayāna, Guhyamantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Secret Mantra, Tantric Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism are names referring to Buddhist traditions associated with Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in the medieval Indian subcontinent and spread to Tibet, East Asia, Mongolia and other Himalayan states.
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